Birth rates and fertility rates
~Total fertility rate is the average number of children a women would have if she expended the current age-specific fertility rates through her life time, and she were to survive through child birth.
~The poorest countries have the highest fertility rates, and few of them have made the transition from high to low birth rates. In most developed countries, birth rates, and fertility rates have
fallen.
Why do you get high birth rates ?
Parents want children
•for labour
•to look after them in old age
•to continue the family name
•for prestige
•to replace other children who have died ( a high infant mortality rate )
•children are net contributors to
family income.
Why do birth rates come down ?
•Children are costly.
•The government looks after people through pensions and health services.
•More women want their own career and have higher status.
•There is widespread use of family planning.
•As the infant mortality rate comes down there is less need for replacement children.
•Urbanization and industrialization are associated with social changes and a decline in traditional beliefs and customs.
~Birth rates are generally higher in developing countries.
~The poorest countries have the highest fertility rates, and few of them have made the transition from high to low birth rates. In most developed countries, birth rates, and fertility rates have
fallen.
Why do you get high birth rates ?
Parents want children
•for labour
•to look after them in old age
•to continue the family name
•for prestige
•to replace other children who have died ( a high infant mortality rate )
•children are net contributors to
family income.
Why do birth rates come down ?
•Children are costly.
•The government looks after people through pensions and health services.
•More women want their own career and have higher status.
•There is widespread use of family planning.
•As the infant mortality rate comes down there is less need for replacement children.
•Urbanization and industrialization are associated with social changes and a decline in traditional beliefs and customs.
~Birth rates are generally higher in developing countries.